EDITORIAL
CHAPTER-02
ORIGINS
1943
Two scientists Warren McCullough and Walter Pitts publish an article "A Logical Calculus of Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity", of which they present the first mathematical model of neural networks.
1952
Arthur Samuel creates the first software with the ability to learn chess on its own.
1959
While Arthur Samuel invented the term Machine Learning while working at IBM, John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky founded the MIT Artificial Intelligence Project. Long periods follow when there will be no real progress in AI, leaving room for doubts among investors.
2008
Google is making great strides in voice recognition by offering this new feature in its smartphone apps.
2016
Victory of Google DeepMind's AlphaGo system over Lee Sedol, the Go game champion.
1940
Norbert Wiener is the pioneer of cybernetics, unifying mathematics, electronics and automation.
1950
Two Harvard students: Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds created the first computer, with a neural network, named "SNARC". The same year John Von Neumann and Alan Turing will formalize the architecture of our contemporary computers by making it capable of executing what it is programmed. But it is Alan Turing who will take an interest in the question of the intelligence of machines in his article "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" where he tries to answer the question: "Can machines think?", an experiment fictitious, which he calls the "imitation game". The aim here is to show that Turing's experiment is based on the idea that between a machine and humans an exchange of words is possible in the same way as between a human and his fellows. Turing asserts, through the game of imitation, that a machine can perform an act of utterance, and that this act can have the same status as that performed by human individuals.
1956
It was during John McCarthy's "Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence" conference that the term AI was born in the sense that we know it today.
1997
IBM's Deep Blue AI defeats world chess champion Gary Kasparov. Demonstrating that the machine surpasses the man.
2012
Andrew Ng feeds a neural network using 10 million YouTube videos as a training dataset. Thanks to Deep Learning, this neural network learns to recognize a cat without having been taught what a cat is. It is the beginning of a new era for Deep Learning.
2023
AI has become a cutting-edge technology in full development with the appearance of new AI such as ChatGPT, Midjourney, DALL-E (non-exhaustive list), where it has become essential for many countries, whether it be the United States, Europe or even China, to be able to acquire this technology so as not to be lagging behind advances in AI.
Source #1
Source #2